Understanding TOEFL
TOEFL (Test of Home as a Foreign Language) is a standardized English language ability of a person in writing (de jure), which covers four aspects of mastery: Listening, Writing and Reading .. This test was developed and conducted by ETS (Educational Testing Service) a nonprofit corporation incorporated in the United States and was first held in 1964.
. TOEFL Test Objectives
a. Academic tests are used for educational purposes, research or related academic activities abroad, or in Indonesia. For post-graduate, usually a minimum value is 550. while for S1 is 500
b. General is generally used for the purpose of employment, promotion or job assignment. Many companies that install the English language standard employees by looking at TOEFL score - his. Generally, a minimum TOEFL score is 500 for a standard promoted.
Type of TOEFL test
There are two types of TOEFL tests, namely:
a.Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL
Type of TOEFL test is the TOEFL test that we know so far, where both questions and answers done by using paper and pencil.
b.Computer Based TOEFL
The TOEFL test is a relatively new model because it was first introduced in 1998. As stated in its name, this test uses a computer in the delivery of and participant test because these tests also will answer via the computer.
For the purposes of pre-selection or internal use of an institution, then the ETS as a developer and provider agency also conducts TOEFL TOEFL ITP (ITP = Institutional Testing Programme). The number of questions and level of difficulty did not differ with ITP TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL, because the questions used in the TOEFL ITP TOEFL test is a matter that has been used before. Differences that need to be known by those who plan to follow the TOEFL test is that the score obtained dariTOEFL ITP in its use is limited .. Another difference is in terms of test cost. Currently, the cost of Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL is U.S. $ 110, while the TOEFL ITP is relatively cheaper cost of U.S. $ 25. There should also note that the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL Test Center is only held in particular with the schedule of tests that have been determined in advance, while the TOEFL ITP implementation is more flexible schedule and in Indonesia is conducted by the IIEF (The Indonesian International Education Foundation) with coordinate with the central language in public universities.
In addition to TOEFL ITP, there is also a TOEFL Prediction / Equivalent Test that is usually used to estimate the TOEFL score before the relevant person take another TOEFL test (TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based, Computer Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP). Type Prediction TOEFL test is generally conducted by the institute / center language or places that hold training courses TOEFL.
Is there a difference in the assessment system based TOEFL Paper and Pencil, Computer Based TOEFL, ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Prediction Test?
Rating or scoring system used for the Paper and Pencil BasedTOEFL, TOEFL ITP, TOEFL Prediction Test and Computer Based TOEFLmemang different. This is done of course with the intention to avoid misunderstandings in the interpretation of test scores reported by participants. The range of scores used by the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, danTOEFL Prediction Test is 310 (lowest score) up to 677 (highest score), whereas for the Computer Based TOEFL, the lowest value is 0 and the highest value of 300 (TOEFL Score User Guide, 2000-2001). About the overall level of difficulty for this type of course the same test, so it can be said those who obtain a score of 677 on the TOEFL Paper and Pencil Based expected to obtain a score of 300 on Computer Based TOEFL, and vice versa if a participant obtained a score of 213 tests in the TOEFL test that uses computer (Computer Based TOEFL), the corresponding score on the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL is 550.
How is the relationship of scores obtained by the level of one's mastery of English?
In general, we recognize three levels of mastery of foreign languages, namely Basic Level (Elementary), Intermediate Level (Intermediate) and Advanced (Advanced). TOEFL score, experts typically classify the language of this score into the following four levels (Carson, et al., 1990):
a.Tingkat Primary (Elementary): 310 s.d. 420
b.Tingkat Lower Secondary (Low Intermediate): 420 sd 480
c.Tingkat Secondary (High Intermediate): 480 sd 520
d.Tingkat Advanced (Advanced): 525 677 s.d
By knowing the classification level of mastery of English, as seen above, we can certainly understand why it seems reasonable that universities in countries that use English as its official language, requires a certain TOEFL score for the candidate of their international students. To be accepted in S1, they commonly set score is approximately 475 sd 550, whereas for S2 and S3 program entry requirements TOEFLnya scores be higher, around 550 sd 600.
Several universities in Indonesia has set a certain TOEFL score for its students (Huda, 1999). In connection with efforts to improve the quality of college graduates, a regulation requiring college students have a mastery of the TOEFL to a certain extent is expected to have a positive impact and we should support. A good mastery of English are expected to increase the ability to think and work on a global level, the working conditions in the future we need to prepare from now.
Did someone guarantee the TOEFL English language skills a person?
Generally, people understand that language is English speaking, conversation, cas cis cus and so on. English cover four main skills: Listening (digestion word through hearing), Writing (digestion words through writing and grammar), reading (digestive meaning of a text language) and speaking (able to pronounce it).
Speaking of language acquisition, it can not be removed from the mastery of four skills earlier, are perfect. However, many of them think, what matters is the ability to say it, even with a full-tolerance grammar and word choice are modest and the origin met.
When and where someone could take the TOEFL test?
Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL can be taken only at a certain time that has been scheduled long before the test was held. Place or testing center where both tests are held also been determined by the ETS as tesTOEFL licensees. Both kinds of TOEFL tests are held on a specific testing center tsb. also called the International TOEFL. This is intended to distinguish between them with ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Equivalent / Prediction.
As for the ITP TOEFL, test participants should contact the institution that has been designated by the IIEF Jakarta as a place of execution. For the implementation of the ITP TOEFL is required of participants at least 10 people. Unmul Language Institute since 2001 is one institution that has the right conduct TOEFL ITP.
Type of TOEFL test Prediction / Equivalent is the most flexible type of test implementation. In the Hall of Languages Unmul, this test also a test of the most widely followed by those who want to measure mastery of English for various purposes. Every time the test participant can take the test by contacting Hall of Languages Unmul at least one day before the day of operation.
How to improve TOEFL
a.Mengikuti TOEFL Preparation courses and / or IELTS Preparation organized by the institutions in your city courses
b. Buy books TOEFL / IELTS is widely available in bookstores. Learn the material well. Listen to and expertise in every tips and tricks. Rest assured, no longer a TOEFL / IELTS score you will be skyrocketed.
c.Download book TOEFL / IELTS is in internal
TOEIC stands for Test of Home for International Communication. This test is designed for those whose native language is not English. TOEIC score indicates the extent to which a person is able to communicate with others in English in this era of globalization. This test requires no specialized knowledge or vocabulary; these tests only measure the English language skills used in daily activities-har
TOEIC is a test of English skills for people whose native language is not English. TOEIC test to measure English proficiency for individuals who work in an international environment in their daily life.
Values indicate how well a person can communicate in English with other individuals in business, commerce and industry. This test requires no special knowledge or such a general term that is not contained in the TOEFL test.
Therefore, the TOEIC test material more easily than the TOEFL test as that's a multiple choice test for 2 (two) hours, divided in listening sessions and reading sessions.
Therefore, the TOEIC test is deemed appropriate for employees or staff who use English in their environment such as business, hotels, hospitals, restaurants, international meetings, conferences and sporting events. Similarly, staff management, sales and technical employees in international business, commerce and industry who need English in their work.
TOEIC score starting from the number 400 to 990. There are six levels ie level 0 / 0 + Novice (score 10-250), Level 1 Elementary (score 255-400), level 1 + Intermediate (score 405-600), level 2 Basic Working Proficiency (score 605-780), level 2 + Advance Working Profiency (score 785-900) and level 3 / 3 + General Professional Proficiency (score 905-990).
A prospective regular employees must have a minimum TOEIC score of 400. While a prospective manager should at least have a TOEIC score of 800.
Someone who has a TOEIC score 405-600, for example, in listening to be able to understand explanations related to routine daily tasks, understand the announcements during the trip and mengusai limited social conversations. In this talk could explain kerj responsibility adan academic background as well as a discussion about the project in the past and the future. While in the case of reading still need a dictionary to understand the technical documents. And lastly in terms of writing people who have intermediate level was able to write a short memo, letter of complaint and fill out a simple application form.
There are some differences, between TOEIC and TOEFL. In terms of purpose, TOEFL is used for academic purposes. While the TOEIC is used to find employment, business, and communications. So, the TOEIC as a life skill, more to the application, because every day in practice.
Then, in a comparison of the results of the assessment was different. For TOEFL, rather the value to individuals and institutions only. Meanwhile, TOEIC, in addition to individual scores are also useful in certification, benchmarking reports and analysis. Another difference seen in this type of test. Because, in TOIEC tested only listening and reading alone. Unlike the TOEFL test includes speaking and writing.
But, Which One?
However, if viewed from the side of the needs and ages, will be able to choose which ones should be used. For example, students need a TOEFL more than TOIEC. This is because the subjects they still contained writing. However, beyond that, it should also exist in TOIEC exercises for writing. Because, however, this capability is also needed in the workplace.
In addition, because TOIEC using international standards, may be rational if the price of expensive test. Reportedly, all tests require funding of about 400 thousand per person. This price can be quite high for the general public, especially for students. Not everyone is able to fulfill it. Unlike the TOEFL is 'decent' affordable, enough with the 30 thousand only, the test can be performed. This becomes another consideration to weigh up the two types of this test
